Uterine Polyp: Causes, Symptoms & Prevention Tips

A uterine polyp is a small growth that forms inside the uterus. They are made of extra tissue and can cause irregular bleeding or fertility issues. There are some women who have no symptoms. However, there are some who experience heavy periods or discomfort. Diagnosing uterine polyps is important because they can impact your reproductive health. A proper check-up helps in finding the right treatment and preventing any future complications.

At RISAA IVF, Dr. Rita Bakshi has helped many women with uterine polyps. We offer advanced diagnosis and the best treatment options to help everyone. In this blog, we will cover everything, including the causes, symptoms, treatments, and more. Keep reading to understand how to take care of your reproductive health.

What are Uterine Polyps?

Uterine polyps are also known as endometrial polyps. They are small, soft growths that form on the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). Endometrial polyps in uterus can range in size from a sesame seed to a golf ball or larger. Typically, these polyps are noncancerous, meaning, they are benign. However, in rare cases, they can become cancerous.

Uterine polyps are relatively common. Their prevalence varies depending on the population studied and the diagnostic methods used, ranging from about 8% to 35%. They are more frequently found in women between the ages of 40 and 49. The uterine polyp ICD 10 means N84.0. It denotes a polyp located in the corpus uteri which encompasses the endometrium.

Types of Endometrial Polyp

Endometrial polyps can be classified into different types based on their structure and behavior. The main types include:  

• Functional Polyps: These polyps grow and respond to hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle. They may shrink or grow depending on estrogen levels.
  
  

• Hyperplastic Polyps: These develop due to excessive growth of endometrial tissue. These are often linked to hormonal imbalances.
  
  

• Atrophic Polyps: These occur in postmenopausal women when the endometrial lining becomes thin due to low estrogen levels.
  
  

• Adenomatous Polyps: These are rare but can have a higher risk of turning cancerous. It requires close monitoring or removal of the polyps.
  
  

• Inflammatory Polyps: These develop due to chronic infections or inflammation in the uterus.

Uterine Polyp Size Chart

Uterine polyps can vary in size, and their impact on symptoms or fertility often depends on how large they are. Below is a general size chart for uterine polyps:

Uterine Polyp Size Chart:

Uterine Polyp Causes

Uterine polyps form due to an overgrowth of cells in the uterine lining (endometrium). The exact cause is not always clear. However there are several factors that can contribute to their development:

Endometrial Polyps causes:

• Hormonal Imbalance: High estrogen levels can cause excessive growth of the endometrial tissue.
• Age and Menopause: Women in their 40s and 50s, especially around menopause, are more likely to develop polyps due to hormonal changes.
• Obesity: Excess body fat increases estrogen levels and may trigger polyp growth.
• High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Studies suggest a link between hypertension and the development of uterine polyps.
• Tamoxifen Use: This medication is used for breast cancer treatment. It can sometimes lead to uterine polyps as a side effect.
• Chronic Inflammation or Infection: Long-term inflammation of the uterus can contribute to polyp growth.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Women with PCOS often have irregular hormone levels and can also increase the risk of polyps.

Uterine Polyp Symptoms

Uterine polyps may not always cause symptoms. However, if they do, then the most common signs include the following:

Endometrial Polyps Symptoms

• Irregular Menstrual Bleeding: Periods that are unpredictable, too frequent, or last longer than usual.
  
  
• Heavy Menstrual Flow: Excessive bleeding during periods, sometimes with blood clots.
  
  
• Bleeding Between Periods: Spotting or unexpected bleeding between menstrual cycles.
  
  
• Postmenopausal Bleeding: Any vaginal bleeding after menopause, which should always be checked by a doctor.
  
  
• Pain or Discomfort: Mild cramping or discomfort in the lower abdomen.
  
  
• Difficulty Conceiving: In some cases, uterine polyps can interfere with implantation, making pregnancy harder.

Important Note: If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment. You can also consult the best Gynaecologists in Delhi, Dr. Rita Bakshi.

Uterine Polyp Diagnosis

Diagnosing uterine polyps involves several tests to confirm their presence and assess their impact. Common diagnostic methods include:

• Pelvic Ultrasound: A transvaginal uterine polyp ultrasound helps detect abnormalities in the uterine lining and may reveal polyps.
• Saline Infusion Sonohysterography (SIS): A small amount of sterile fluid is injected into the uterus to provide a clearer ultrasound image.
• Endometrial Biopsy: A small tissue sample from the uterus is taken to check for abnormal cells or signs of cancer.

Early diagnosis is important to prevent complications. If you experience unusual bleeding or fertility issues, consult a doctor for proper evaluation.

Treatment Of Uterine Polyp Removal

Treatment for uterine polyps depends on their size, symptoms, and impact on fertility. There are some common treatment for endometrial polyps, including:  

• Wait and Monitor: Small, symptom-free polyps may not need immediate treatment and can sometimes go away on their own.
• Medications: Hormonal treatments like progestins or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists may help shrink polyps. However, they are usually temporary solutions.
• Hysteroscopic Polypectomy: A minimally invasive procedure where a thin camera is inserted into the uterus to remove the polyp. This is often the best option for symptom relief and fertility concerns.
• Dilation and Curettage (D&C): It is used to scrape out the uterine lining. It is sometimes combined with hysteroscopy for a more thorough removal.
• Surgical Removal: If polyps are large, recurrent, or show signs of cancer, a uterine polyp surgery may be required.

Weight Loss After Uterine Polyp Removal

Weight loss after uterine polyp removal is not common. However, some women may notice slight changes. This can be due to reduced bloating, hormonal balance, or improved energy levels after surgery. If polyps were affecting estrogen levels, their removal might help regulate metabolism. Some women also adopt healthier habits post-surgery which can lead to minor weight changes. 

However, uterine polyps themselves do not directly cause weight gain. So, any weight loss is usually due to lifestyle factors rather than the procedure itself. If you notice significant weight changes, it’s best to consult a doctor to find out other causes.

Uterine Polyp Cancer

Most uterine polyps are benign (non-cancerous). However, in rare cases, they can show precancerous or cancerous changes. The risk of cancer is higher in:  

• Women who are postmenopausal
• Those with abnormal bleeding
• Women with a history of endometrial cancer

Doctors may recommend a biopsy to check for cancer cells, especially if polyps cause persistent symptoms. If cancer is found, further treatment like surgery or hormone therapy might be needed. Regular check-ups and early diagnosis help in preventing complications.

Uterine Polyp Cancer Symptoms

Symptoms that may indicate cancerous polyps include the following:

• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Heavy or irregular periods, spotting between cycles, or bleeding after menopause.
• Postmenopausal Bleeding: Any vaginal bleeding after menopause should be checked by a doctor.
• Pelvic Pain: Persistent lower abdominal discomfort or cramping.
• Unusual Vaginal Discharge: Discharge that is watery, pinkish, or has a strong, unpleasant odor.
• Difficulty Conceiving: In some cases, cancerous polyps may affect fertility.

How to Prevent Polyps In Uterus?

While uterine polyps cannot always be prevented, certain lifestyle changes and medical precautions may help lower the risk:  

• Maintain Hormonal Balance: Keep estrogen levels stable and manage weight, avoid excess estrogen supplements, and follow a healthy lifestyle.
• Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to support overall reproductive health.
• Regular Exercise: Staying active helps regulate hormones and maintain a healthy weight.
• Manage Chronic Conditions: Some conditions like obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes may increase the risk. So, managing this is very important.
• Routine Check-ups: Regular gynecological exams and ultrasounds can help detect any early changes in the uterus.
• Avoid Unnecessary Hormone Therapy: Long-term use of estrogen-only medications without progesterone may increase the risk.

Final Words

Uterine polyps are small growths in the uterus that can cause irregular bleeding, heavy periods, and fertility issues. In this blog, we have discussed their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. While most polyps are harmless, some may require removal, especially if they cause problems or show signs of cancer. Regular check-ups help in early detection and proper treatment.

At RISAA IVF, Dr. Rita Bakshi has years of experience in treating uterine polyps and other fertility concerns. We provide the best solutions for your reproductive health. If you have symptoms or need guidance, contact us today for the right treatment and support.