What Is Cortisol? The Stress Hormone and Its Impact on Health

What is Cortisol? Cortisol is a hormone which is made by small glands above the kidneys. It is also known as the “stress hormone” because the body makes more of it when we are under stress.  In simple words, cortisol helps the body respond to stress, but it also plays a role in many other important functions like controlling blood sugar, reducing inflammation, and supporting energy balance.

In this blog, we will mention everything, including the meaning of cortisol, how it works in the body, its effect on the body, tips to manage it for better health, and more.

What is Cortisol?

Cortisol is a hormone made by the adrenal glands, which are small glands sitting above the kidneys. It is often called the cortisol hormone or the “stress hormone” because the body releases more of it when we feel stressed. 

Cortisol also has many other important jobs. It helps to control blood sugar, supports the immune system, manages metabolism, and also keeps the blood pressure steady. So, it’s important to have the right balance of cortisol because too much or too little can affect overall health.

Functions of Cortisol in the Body

What is cortisol and its functions? Cortisol hormone plays many important roles in the body, not just in stress. It helps to control energy, balance, and the way the body reacts to different situations. So, it’s very important to keep the level normal for good health.

• It helps to keep blood sugar steady for energy
• It helps to break down food (fats, proteins, carbs)
• Cortisol reduces swelling and inflammation
• It maintains a normal blood pressure
• It supports sleep and balance mood

Normal Cortisol Levels

What is cortisol and what is the normal level? Cortisol levels naturally change during the day. They’re highest in the morning when you wake up and lower in the afternoon and evening. This daily rhythm helps your body to manage energy, stress, metabolism, and sleep. If the rhythm is disrupted then it can cause a cortisol imbalance and affect your overall health.

*Values can vary slightly depending on the lab and measurement method. Always refer to the specific reference range provided with your test results.

High Cortisol Levels: Causes and Effects

High cortisol levels happen when the body makes too much of this hormone. This can be due to long-term stress, lack of sleep, certain medicines, or health conditions. A high cortisol level can affect the body in many ways.

Here are some common causes of high cortisol:

• Long-term stress
• Poor sleep or irregular sleep patterns
• Steroid medicines
• Health conditions like Cushing’s syndrome
• Obesity

High cortisol symptoms may include:

• Weight gain, mostly around belly and face
• High blood pressure
• Mood swings or anxiety
• Trouble sleeping
• Feeling tired often
• Risk of diabetes and weak bones over time

Low Cortisol Levels: Causes and Effects

When the body does not make enough of the hormone then it leads to low cortisol levels. Cortisol helps to manage many body functions and its shortage can cause serious health problems. People with this issue may often feel weak, tired, or unwell. So, it’s important to understand what is cortisol and how it works to recognize why low levels can be risky.

Here are some common causes of low cortisol:

• Addison’s disease (a condition where adrenal glands don’t work properly)
• Pituitary gland problems (affects hormone signals to adrenal glands)
• Long-term use of steroid medicines and then suddenly stopping them
• Severe infections or injuries

Effects of low cortisol may include:

• Extreme tiredness or fatigue
• Weight loss and loss of appetite
• Low blood pressure
• Dizziness or fainting
• Darkening of skin in some cases
• Falling issues to handle stress

Effects of Cortisol on Body

What is cortisol? Cortisol has a very big role on the body and it is useful in small amounts. However, when cortisol levels stay too high or too low for a long time then it can affect normal body functions and lead to different health issues.

Here are some key effects of cortisol on the body, including:

• Cortisol and stress: It is often called the “stress hormone” because it helps the body to respond during difficult situations by giving extra energy and focus. However, if stress stays for too long then high levels of this hormone can harm health.
• Cortisol and fertility: Hormone imbalance caused by cortisol can affect reproductive health. Long-term stress or high cortisol levels may affect menstrual cycles in women and lower sperm quality in men.
• Immune system: It reduces inflammation and helps the body to fight infections. But very high levels for long periods can weaken the immune system.
• Weight and metabolism: Cortisol affects how the body uses fats, proteins, and sugars. High levels may cause weight gain, especially around the belly.
• Mood and mental health: It can affect feelings of anxiety, sadness, or sleep problems when levels are not balanced.

How to Lower Cortisol Naturally?

What is cortisol is linked with the body’s stress response. But when levels stay high then it can cause health issues. The good part is that some natural lifestyle changes can help to keep it balanced.

Here are some natural ways to lower cortisol, including:

• Get enough sleep every night
• Exercise regularly but don’t overdo it
• Eat a balanced diet with fresh foods
• Try relaxation methods like yoga or meditation
• Limit your caffeine and sugar intake
• Spend time in nature or sunlight

Final Words

Cortisol is a hormone that is released by the adrenal glands that helps the body to respond to stress, control energy use, and support many important functions. In this blog, we have explained what is cortisol, its functions, normal levels, high and low cortisol causes, and more. It’s very important to have the right knowledge to help people take care of their body, manage stress better, and protect long-term health.

At Risaa IVF, Dr. Rita Bakshi, our Senior IVF Specialist and Gynecologist, helps patients to understand hormonal health and provides the right care for overall well-being. If you would like to know more or consult our team, you can email us at [email protected] or call us at 95555 44421 / 22 / 23.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

• How is cortisol tested?

Cortisol levels can be checked with blood, urine, or saliva tests, usually done in the morning when levels are highest.

• Is there a link between cortisol and fertility?

Yes, high cortisol levels from long-term stress may affect reproductive hormones and make it harder to conceive.

• What is the difference between cortisol and adrenaline?

Cortisol helps the body manage long-term stress, while adrenaline works for quick, short-term stress responses like a sudden scare.

• Does cortisol change with age?

Yes, cortisol patterns may change as people get older. Some may have higher nighttime levels, which can disturb sleep.