The IVF process step by step involves several steps that can help you get pregnant. It is a treatment for infertility. The process starts with stimulating the ovaries to produce eggs, which are then collected. Sperm is used to fertilize the eggs in a lab, and the fertilized embryos are carefully monitored. One or more healthy embryos are selected and placed back into the uterus, where pregnancy can begin.
IVF is the most effective fertility treatment, especially for couples who struggle to conceive after trying for a year. It can also be used to avoid passing on genetic disorders. The success of IVF depends on factors like your age and the reason for infertility. Our expert healthcare professionals are here to guide you through each step of the IVF journey.
What is IVF?
The IVF process step by step involves retrieving eggs from ovaries. The eggs are manually combined with sperm in a lab for fertilization. Pregnancy happens if the embryo attaches to the uterus.
Why is IVF done?
People choose IVF for various reasons. It includes infertility, health problems, and many more. Some people choose IVF after other fertility methods have failed or if they are at an advanced maternal age. It’s also an option for same-sex couples or people who want a baby without a partner.
IVF can help if you or your partner have:
- Endometriosis
- Low sperm count or sperm issues
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Uterine fibroids
- Problems with the uterus
- Unexplained infertility
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Risk of passing on genetic diseases
- Using an egg donor or surrogate
What are the 5 Stages of IVF?
IVF is a complex procedure with several stages. Mature eggs are collected from ovaries and fertilized by sperm in a lab. Then, one or more eggs (embryos) are placed into the uterus where babies grow. A full IVF cycle usually takes 2-3 weeks. However, sometimes the steps are split into different parts. It makes the procedure a bit longer than usual.
IVF Process Step by Step:
Preparing for IVF Treatment
Before starting IVF, you and your partner may need to go through some tests. It helps to check your health, fertility, and the cause of infertility. These tests include:
- Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) blood test. This is to check ovarian reserve and predict how your ovaries will respond to IVF.
- Hormone screening.
- Vaginal ultrasound to examine the uterus and ovaries.
- Screening for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.
- Sperm analysis to assess sperm quality.
An important part of IVF is stimulating the ovaries to produce more eggs. It helps create more embryos. A “long protocol” might be used. It helps to temporarily suppress natural hormones. GnRH antagonists are given as a daily injection or nasal spray. It helps to prepare the ovaries for stimulation.
Next, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is prescribed. It helps to encourage egg production, typically through daily injections for about 10 days, though this varies. Some may need just one injection daily, while others may need more. Additionally, human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) may be prescribed. It helps to support egg production and increase the chances of successful fertilization.
Throughout this process, doctors will monitor your ovaries with regular ultrasounds and blood tests to ensure everything is on track and offer advice on managing medications.
Egg Retrieval Procedure
When it’s time to collect eggs, the fertility doctor will make sure you’re comfortable. You will receive either sedation or general anesthesia. Through ultrasound, the doctor will gently collect eggs from your ovaries. This process will be done with the help of a small needle inserted through your vagina. The needle is connected to a suction device that removes the eggs from each follicle.
The procedure takes about 30 minutes. It may also cause some mild cramping or light bleeding afterward. We’re here to support your IVF process step by step and to address any concerns you may have.
Sperm Collection
If you’re using your partner’s sperm, they’ll need to provide a semen sample. It will be done on the day your eggs are collected. The sperm is then processed to choose the healthiest and the most active ones.
You can also use donor sperm if your partner’s sperm is not available. In some cases, sperm may be collected and frozen for future use. It totally depends on your partner’s fertility and health. When donor or frozen sperm is used, it is thawed on the day of egg retrieval.
Fertilization
On the day eggs and sperm are collected, they are combined in a lab to create an embryo. This is where the term “in vitro fertilization” comes from. If male infertility is a factor, each egg may need a single sperm injected directly into it. This procedure is called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), often used with IVF.
Once fertilization happens, the embryos will grow in the lab for up to six days. After that, the healthiest embryo is chosen to be placed back into your womb.
Embryo Transfer
Once the embryos are ready, they will be placed into your uterus. This process will be done using a thin tube called a catheter. This procedure is quick and similar to a cervical screening. Additionally, this process doesn’t require anaesthesia.
Before the transfer, your doctor will give you hormones to prepare the uterus lining. They’ll also discuss some things with you. Like, how many embryos to transfer, considering your age, embryo quality, and past IVF cycles.
If you’re younger, your embryos may be of better quality. It helps to improve your chances of pregnancy. If you’re using donor eggs, the donor’s age will be considered. After the transfer, you’ll take progesterone for up to eight weeks. It helps the embryo attach. Following the transfer, wait at least two weeks before testing for pregnancy. Whether you test at home or at the clinic, avoid testing too early. Because advanced tests may not detect pregnancy before two weeks.
After fertilisation, the embryos will grow in the lab for up to six days. The best one will be selected for transfer back into your womb.
How Many Injections for IVF Treatment?
In most cases, 1-2 injections are needed daily. The total number of days for these injections varies. It can range from 8 to 14 or more during ovarian stimulation. On average, an IVF cycle may require around 14 to 16 injections, though this can differ.
The exact number of injections depends on your personalized IVF plan. This plan can vary for each person. It also depends on the protocol and clinic you’re choosing. Your specialist will decide how many injections are necessary based on your health. They will monitor your ovarian follicles through ultrasounds and tests. Additionally, they will adjust the dosage if needed.
Is IVF Painful?
IVF may cause some pain or discomfort, but it varies for each person. Here’s what to expect during in an IVF process step by step:
- Hormone injections: These stimulate the ovaries to produce eggs. You might feel pain, swelling, or bruising at the injection site. This is the most common cause of discomfort.
- Egg retrieval: A needle is used to collect eggs from the ovaries. While you won’t feel pain during the process. However, cramping or discomfort may occur afterward.
- Embryo transfer: Fertilized embryos are placed in the uterus. This is usually painless, but some women report mild cramping.
Any pain from IVF is typically mild and short-term. Your doctor can offer medication or advice to ease discomfort. If you’re worried about pain, speak with your doctor for support.
IVF Pregnancy Risks
The risks of IVF pregnancy includes the following:
- Egg retrieval issues: The procedure may cause bleeding, infection, or damage to nearby organs.
- Premature delivery: Babies may be born early or have a lower birth weight.
- Miscarriage: The risk of miscarriage is similar to naturally conceived pregnancies.
- Multiple births: Carrying more than one baby can increase the chance of premature labor.
- Ectopic pregnancy: The fertilized egg may grow outside the uterus, which is dangerous.
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): Rare but serious. It can cause stomach pain, nausea, bloating, weight gain, and difficulty urinating.
IVF Treatment Cost
The cost of IVF depends on the clinic and your location. Since fees and insurance coverage differ, it’s a good idea to speak with your doctor. You should also check with your health insurance provider to understand the total costs. If you have a serious health condition or a cancer diagnosis that could impact your fertility, you may qualify for additional financial help.
Final Words
IVF treatment is a deeply personal and complex journey. It’s important to have open conversations with your healthcare provider. It’s important to fully understand the IVF process step by step. Our healthcare team is committed to guiding and supporting you at every step of the way. We will make you feel informed and cared for throughout the IVF treatment.
